The real cost of not having drawn comb is time.
Time is a visible cost, but I think there is a more insidious cost for not having drawn comb in the spring, bees. When spring flows ramp up, if you dont have empty drawn comb for the bees to use, they cannot build comb as fast as the nectar comes in, so, they start backfilling into the brood nest. End result, and immediate loss of population when the swarm leaves, then a hidden cost because the colony goes a couple weeks with no queen laying. That two weeks without eggs translates to no young bees emerging 3 weeks down the road.
When we first started keeping bees, we fought with swarms endlessly for the first 3 years. Using the mantra of 'when life hands you lemons, make lemonade', we bought more boxes and put swarms into those new boxes. We proudly stated 'colony count growing rapidly', but, quietly become somewhat discouraged, lots of bee colonies, not much honey. By about year 4 we changed our outlook, and when it's time for planning the next season, we dont start with 'how many colonies' to make those plans anymore. We start by doing an inventory of drawn supers, how many drawn supers do we have for the spring flows ? We manage our bee colonies by placing two drawn supers on each colony for the spring flow, and most will fill them with very little tendancy to swarm out on us. A few get ambitious during spring flow, and will draw out more frames, but our experience is, during this part of the season bees tend to be less interested in drawing more comb, more interested in trying to outgrow the available comb then swarm. When we take the bees for the summer placement in late June, this changes. We extract our spring honey before taking the bees out to the fireweed patch, then colonies in fireweed will get two boxes of wet drawn comb, and one box of fresh new frames. Most of them will fill the two boxes of comb, and draw out the third during that summer placement.
Our overall management strategy with regards to colony numbers is no longer driven by some arbitrary desire to reach a certain number. In January, we inventory our drawn supers in storage, and that defines our colony count goals. For spring flows, i want 2 drawn supers on each colony, then taking them to the summer placement, they get two drawn and an empty, the desire is to have 50% more drawn supers for winter storage by the end of the season.
From my perspective, drawn super inventory has a much greater impact on honey yields than colony count.