(a) and (b) are a tremendous amount of very good questions. I wished I had asked them instead of grabbing a basic book.
I perceive from them that you are open to methods that are alternative to the modern and accepted Langstroth hives that are the backbone of our honey production, the choice of commercial keepers, and considered standard. Good for you.
Bees do what they do and are not conscious of our existence or desires. Since they live in Alaskan trees and tropical forests, I suspect any reasonable abode will do. The best description of beekeeping I've heard came from someone I fascinated with my tall tales. "Experience the challenge on their terms."
I've been at it for five or six years with some success, many lessons and more to learn than I know. My 5 Langstroth hives survived the winter and I hope my top bar did to. If so, I plan to expand with the top bars and may even forgo the langs.
Based on your questions, the best guidance I can provide is to pursue why instead of procedure, find a buddy to share the experience, ask specific questions here and spend time with Michael Bush at his website "http://www.bushfarms.com/bees.htm". He is very encouraging, his views are even handed and I haven't found a better single resource.
Best of luck and happy beekeeping.