if I were in your exact position, I would:
a) if the mediums are worker size brood cells place the empty medium on the bottom board, place the deep with bees on top of that. IE give room below the existing.
b) second choice not as good but doable. use 2 deeps, place the center 4 combs in the bottom , at the same position they were , add 3 frames of foundation on each side.
add the second deep with 4 foundations against the wall, IE position 1,2,9,10. Place the original 1,2,3,8,9,10 into 3,4,5,6,7,8 respectively. SO we have brood in the lower for the most part , stores in the upper, centered, with new to the outsides. then feed 4 gallons feed as fast as they take it. goal would be to get the 4 frames touching the existing frames, drawn and 4 more worth of space filled.
As well ask locally how a single deep makes it thru the winter, option c) is do nothing.
if you add the medium under, it may/will have brood and pollen stored, and may not be a super going forward, as well if the super is all drone comb, then the 2 option are equal, each having a + and minus. super + is it is comb, the Minus it is drone come. the deep + is it is worker cell,and likely the next step for you in the spring any way, the minus it is not drawn.
could also do some shuffling, IE take a couple combs from the stronger hives give to these 2 on Option b) if honey add to the top deep if empty comb add to the bottom deep.
give the strong hive a couple foundation each then feed them all. If you add a couple then do 6 over 6 keeping the fullest to the top box. I would steal 1 and 10 from the bottom deep on a strong hive, these are out of play most of the winter, and tend to be spring food, based on where the cluster is during most of the winter.
OR if learning is on the table do 1 of each and see what works best in your area, this issue i have in 4 hives now as well, it is not a 1 off, you will see it again, so finding the optimal path is a good thing.
GG