Try checking your sugar syrup to see if it has fermented. Heavily fermented sugar syrup can and does cause symptoms like you posted. If your sugar syrup has fermented, dump it out in a place where the bees cannot get to it and mix up a new batch of sugar syrup treated with Honey Bee Healthy or Mann Lake Pro Bee Health. (this will prevent fermenting). If your sugar syrup is not fermented and in good shape, you may have some Nosema issues to deal with which would require mixing up a batch of sugar syrup treated with Fumagilan-B.
It could also be that your bees have found something tempting for them to eat that is causing this such as some rotted fruit or garbage somewhere nearby.