When I bought my first hives I built boxes and frames using a hammer and a square. Since I was only looking at making perhaps 60 or so frames, I didn't even think of making a jig of any sort. It was not a big deal then, very low key especially since I only had to make enough frames to super a single hive and wait for the bees to draw out the comb before making more. When I realized I would be building hundreds of frames at a clip, I built the jigs. (In fact, I've been making all my woodenware including screened bottom boards, covers, hive boxes and frame parts too but that involves a bigger outlay in woodworking tools than you need to consider.)
Other than that I now use an air gun when assembling hive bodies, I still do it the same way as when I first started. I use Titebond III glue, nails and a square. I could probably be reasonably successful using only the glue or only the nails, I suppose, but not by omitting the square. I'm sure I could build a reasonably square box or frame by eye a lot of the time, all to save a few bucks on an extremely inexpensive framing square, but it would speak volumes about my character and tell the world I have a willingness to settle for a life of sloppy mediocrity. (A carpenter's square at Lowes is $6.98, lasts a lifetime, will be handy in countless projects far beyond beekeeping and tells people that you take some pride in what you do.)
I don't use them myself in assembling boxes, but if you are gluing only and not nailing, pipe clamps are useful in assembling hive bodies but if you glue and nail, or nail only, you don't need them at all. And how does one square up a frame with pipe clamps? ("Very carefully" is the punch line, I suppose.) You do need a square.
Wayne