pathogen

Does nonreproductive swarming adapt to pathogens? What is reproductive and nonreproductive swarming in honey bees? Honey bees play a vital role in the pollination of crops, fruits, and wild plants [1]. However, pathogens and parasites pose major threats to their fitness and survival due to...

Honey Bee Viruses in Wild Bees: Viral Prevalence, Loads, and Experimental Inoculation Evidence of inter-species pathogen transmission from managed to wild bees has sparked concern that emerging diseases could be causing or exacerbating wild bee declines. While some pathogens, like RNA viruses...

Urbanization Increases Pathogen Pressure on Feral and Managed Honey Bees Given the role of infectious disease in global pollinator decline, there is a need to understand factors that shape pathogen susceptibility and transmission in bees. Here we ask how urbanization affects the immune response...

Nosema Tolerant Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Escape Parasitic Manipulation of Apoptosis Apoptosis is not only pivotal for development, but also for pathogen defence in multicellular organisms. Although numerous intracellular pathogens are known to interfere with the host’s apoptotic machinery to...

Parasites and Pathogens of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera) and Their Influence on Inter-Colonial Transmission Pathogens and parasites may facilitate their transmission by manipulating host behavior. Honeybee pathogens and pests need to be transferred from one colony to another if they are to...

Transfer of Immunity from Mother to Offspring Is Mediated via Egg-Yolk Protein Vitellogenin Abstract Insect immune systems can recognize specific pathogens and prime offspring immunity. High specificity of immune priming can be achieved when insect females transfer immune elicitors into...

Pathogens as Predictors of Honey Bee Colony Strength in England and Wales Inspectors with the UK National Bee Unit were asked for 2007-2008 to target problem apiaries in England and Wales for pathogen screening and colony strength measures. Healthy colonies were included in the sampling to...

Introduction of Non-Native Pollinators Can Lead to Trans-Continental Movement of Bee-Associated Fungi Bees are essential pollinators for many flowering plants, including agriculturally important crops such as apple. As geographic ranges of bees or their host plants change as a result of human...

Pathogen Webs in Collapsing Honey Bee Colonies Recent losses in honey bee colonies are unusual in their severity, geographical distribution, and, in some cases, failure to present recognized characteristics of known disease. Domesticated honey bees face numerous pests and pathogens, tempting...

Sex-Specific Differences in Pathogen Susceptibility in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Sex-related differences in susceptibility to pathogens are a common phenomenon in animals. In the eusocial Hymenoptera the two female castes, workers and queens, are diploid and males are haploid. The haploid...

Just like opinions and advice from local beekeepers . . . everything is not the same in all places. http://home.ezezine.com/1636/1636-2012.08.24.13.30.archive.html original article http://www.plosone.org/article/info%...l.pone.0043562