Frames are composed of four main parts, Top Bar, Bottom Bar, and two End Bars. The most critical fasteners are those that go through the top edge of the End Bars and into the Top Bar, just beneath the lugs/ears (which support the frame on the frame rests/rabbets on each end of the hive). Fastener placed here, help hold the Top Bars and End Bars together when forces would tend to separate them. Another fastener placement I have found helpful is to cris-cross two fasteners up through the legs of the End Bars and and into the ends of the Bottom Bars, or alternatively at a right angle, through the bottom legs of the End Bars and into the Bottom Bar.
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